Abstracts of APG Vol. 56(3)

Didymoplexiella cinnabarina (Orchidaceae): a New Species from Muller Range, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

HIROKAZU TSUKAYA^1,2,3 , MUTSUKO NAKAJIMA⁴ and HIROSHI OKADA⁵

¹National Institute for Basic Biology/Okazaki Institute for Integrated Bioscience, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; ²The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan; ³Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; ⁴Nagae, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0113, Japan; ⁵Botanical Gardens, Faculty of Science, Osaka City University, 2000 Kisaichi, Katano, Osaka 576-0004, Japan

A new species of the genus Didymoplexiella (Orchidaceae), D. cinnabarina, is described and illustrated. This saprophytic/mycoheterotrophic orchid was found in the Muller Range, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. A combination of several characters, such as long, decurved stelidia, the absence of a column foot, a trilobed lip, and clear coloration, indicates that this species belongs to the genus Didymoplexiella. It is clearly distinct from other known species of Didymoplexiella in the vermilion-red coloration of the entire inflorescence and flowers, and the moderate size of its flowers. It most resembles D. kinabaluensis, which was collected from Menetendok Gorge, Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo, but differs in color and lip morphology. This species is the eighth species of the genus reported so far.

Keywords: achlorophyllous, Central Kalimantan, Didymoplexiella cinnabarina, flora, Malaysia, mycoheterotroph, new species, Orchidaceae

Musa borneensis Becc. (Musaceae) and its Intraspecific Taxa in Borneo

MARKKU HÄKKINEN ¹ and KALU MEEKIONG²

¹Botanic Garden, P.O.Box 44 (Jyrängöntie 2), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; ²Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

Borneo, being part of the centre of banana origin, is home to a large number of wild bananas. Musa borneensis was one of the first Musa species from the island that was described by the Italian botanist Dr. Odoardo Beccari in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, the Japanese Prof. Mitsuru Hotta described a closely related variety of Musa borneensis, and named it Musa flavida. However, each botanist studied different areas of the island and could not observe the close relation to the other varieties. The Musa borneensis group from Borneo has been studied extensively in the field during 2001 – 2004 in Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah) and Brunei by the authors. Keys and a table of differentiating characteristics of each variety are provided. Six distinct Musa borneensis varieties have been identified: alutacea, borneensis, flavida, lutea, phoenicea, and sarawakensis. �@Four of these varieties are described and illustrated as new varieties. We propose re-classifying Musa flavida as a variety rather than as a species, as its degree of differentiation is well within the variations of the other varieties described.

Key words: Borneo, Musa borneensis, Musa borneensis var. alutacea, Musa borneensis var. borneensis, Musa borneensis var. flavida, Musa borneensis var. lutea, Musa borneesis var. phoenicea, Musa borneensis var. sarawakensis, Musaceae, wild banana.

Cryptic Species in the Fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. (Parkeriaceae). II. Cytological Characteristics of Three Cryptic Species

SHIGEO MASUYAMA¹ and YASUYUKI WATANO²

¹Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, Zempukuji 2-6-1, Suginami, Tokyo 167-8585, Japan; ²Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Yayoicho 1-33, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

Ceratopteris thalictroides has been reported to contain three cryptic species, called the south type, the north type and the third type. To obtain a clear understanding of these cryptic species, the somatic and meiotic chromosomes were examined in 18 sporophytes from different localities and three hybrids synthesized among the three types. The examinations revealed that the north type and the third type are tetraploids with 2n=156 and n=78 chromosomes, whereas the south type is a hypotetraploid with 2n=154 and n=77 chromosomes. Several peculiar configurations were occasionally observed at diakinesis in all three types: single rope-shaped bivalents with acrosyndesis, split bivalents with acrosyndetic connections, and quadrivalent or quadrivalent-like configurations. Occasional quadrivalents indicate the presence of several homologies within the genomes of the three types. Many univalents were observed at metaphase I in the hybrid between the south and north types, whereas only a few univalents were occasionally observed in the hybrids between the third and north types, for which a partial cross-sterility had been reported. These observations suggest that the chromosomal structure has differentiated little between the genomes of the third type and the north type and that the partial cross-sterility is mostly due to genic differentiation between them.

Key words: Ceratopteris thalictroides, cryptic species, fern, hybrid sterility, polyploid, Parkeriaceae, quadrivalent

Chromosome Numbers of Isodon (Lamiaceae) in Japan

TADASHI YAMASHIRO¹, KAZUO SUZUKI¹ and MASAYUKI MAKI²

¹Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8502 Japan; ²Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan.

Somatic chromosome numbers were counted in seven species and six varieties of Isodon occurring in Japan. All of the taxa had 2n = 24 chromosomes, indicating that they are diploid. For all taxa except I. umbrosus var. hakusanensis and I. japonicus, chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time. The results suggest that diversification in Japanese taxa of Isodon has occurred at the diploid level, even though some reticulation had been suggested by a preliminary molecular study.

Key words: chromosome number, Isodon, Japan, Lamiaceae

Morphological and Karyological Characteristics and Phylogenetic Relationship of Asarum cordifolium C. E. C. Fisch. (Aristolochiaceae) Occurring in Myanmar

TAKASHI SUGAWARA¹, NORIYUKI FUJII¹ , KEI SENNI¹ and JIN MURATA²

¹Makino Herbarium, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1–1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; ²Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 3-7-1 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0001, Japan

To make clear the morphological and karyological characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of the poorly known species 'Asarum cordifolium' from Myanmar, we have conducted morphological and karyological studies and phylogenetic analyses of 18 taxa including 14 accessions of Asarum and Saruma. Morphologically, Asarum cordifolium appeared to be assigned to section Asarum in sharing some floral aspects: connate styles, inferior ovary, free sepals beyond the attachment to ovary, and stamens with longer filaments. However, unlike the most species of the section Asarum, the species had foliage leaves alternate to each other and vertically oriented rhizomes, and its somatic chromosome number was 2n = 24. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS regions indicate that A. cordifolium is positioned within the section Asarum and is closely related to A. caudigerum and A. cardiophyllum.

Key words: Aristolochiaceae, Asarum, Asarum cordifolium, chromosome number, ITS, Myanmar, phylogeny

Short communication

A New Record of the Monotypic Harmandia (Olacaceae) from East Kalimantan, Indonesia

MIYAKO KOIZUMI¹ and HIDETOSHI NAGAMASU²

¹Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; ²The Kyoto University Museum, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan

Harmandia mekongensis (Olacaceae) is reported as a first record from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In Borneo, this species has been known only twice from Sabah, Malaysia. Its morphological and ethnobotanical notes are provided.

Key words: Borneo, distribution, East Kalimantan, Harmandia, Olacaceae

Short communication

A New Locality of Adonis multiflora (Ranunculaceae) in Japan

SHINGO KANEKO, YUJI ISAGI and NOBUKAZU NAKAGOSHI

Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan

The large population of Adonis has been known from Hiroshima Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan. The Adonis species was formerly regarded as A. ramosa. However, based on the detailed examinations of flowers and fruits, this species is here identified as A. multiflora. This is the first report of A. multiflora from western Honshu, Japan.

Key words: Adonis multiflora, Hiroshima Prefecture, Honshu, Japan, new locality

Short Communication

Intraspecific Chloroplast DNA Variations of the Alpine Plants in Japan

KEI SENNI¹, NORIYUKI FUJII¹, HIDEKI TAKAHASHI², TAKASHI SUGAWARA¹ and MICHIO WAKABAYASHI¹

¹Makino Herbarium, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; ²The Hokkaido University Museum, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan

To obtain more information on the genetic differentiation of Japanese alpine plants, intraspecific variations of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of 23 species were investigated. We examined the samples from the populations in Central Honshu, Tohoku, and Hokkaido, Japan; and in Sakhalin, Russia. In the nucleotide sequence of two non-coding regions (trnT-trnL-trnF region and rpl16 intron) of cpDNA, the intraspecific variations were detected in all species, except Carex scita. The species with a relatively high proportion of mutational events (including indels) were Anemone narcissiflora (0.90%), Arenaria arctica (0.74%), Geum calthifolium (0.86%), Hypericum kamtschaticum (1.04%), Pedicularis yezoensis (1.18%), and Trollius riederianus (0.77%).

Key words: chloroplast DNA, haplotype, intraspecific variation, Japanese alpine plants, phylogeography, rpl16 intron, trnT-trnL-trnF region